Nelson's history of the war. Vol. XI., The struggle for the Dvina, and the great invasion of Serbia

44 HISTORY OF THE WAR.

supported by a few hundred Cossacks. After two days’ heroic resistance on the Russian side the Turkish ammunition gave out, and Halil retired across the frontier with a loss of over 4,000. He was again in action later, and succeeded in reducing his army to a quarter of its strength. The battle of Dilman was opportune, for it prevented

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Northern Persia (Azerbaijan), showing the Scene of the Fighting near Lake Urmia. the Turks in Mesopotamia receiving reinforcements which might have checked the British advance, and turned the tide at Kut-el-Amara five months later. The Turkish military failure on the Transcaucasian border was followed by one of the most wholesale and cold-blooded massacres in the distracted history of Armenia. That unhappy race, industrious and pacific, had long been the whip-

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