Анали Правног факултета у Београду

685

УСТАВНЕ ПРОМЕНЕ И ДЕЛАТНОСТ ОСИГУРАЊА

risk communities are constituted first and then establish by an agreement the insurance community. It is a paradox that insurance communities, according to the Constitution, have the position of legal person, while the special risk communities do not have such position. Neither are the so called »insurants’ communities«, established on the teritorial principle in certain insurance communities, regulated by the Constitution nor law. It results from the Constitution that there are two levels of management in insurance communities, in the risk communities and in the insurance communities; the risk communities constitute the assembly of insurance community on the delegational principle. It is controversial whether the representation on the basis of census i.e. the amount of premium, can be applied, at least to a limited extent. Starting from the fact that resources are pooled into insurance community and having in mind that it would not be possible to form delegation without census in regard of the number of insurants, the census is inevitable. This is even more so, as there is no possibility of using the principle of majority of census having in mind the assignment of resources. There is still no answer to the question whether the reinsurance community is the special risk community or special insurance community. The answer is of importance to the so called mixed insurance communities which engage in both insurance ind reinsurance and which prefer the solution by which the reinsurance communities are the special risk communities. With due distinguishment of the nature of the resources pooled into bank from the nature of resources pooled into the insurance community, the question has been raised in practice whether the reserve security funds should be distinguished. Although these funds do not have the character of so called »anonymous capital«, in the part surmounting the amount determined as the minimum of security and solvency they should be divided according to the insurants, either on the basis of technical premium or according to the relation between premiums and damages, i.e. according to the technical result. Finally, there is consent that the abbour organization of insurance community is not in the position to be basic organization of associated labour, but there is no obstruction to recognize it as the social legal person concerning the resources it realizes on the basis of its work in the accordance with the agreement with the insurance community. RÉSUMÉ Les changements constitutionnels et l'activité des assurances Efens la recherche des solutions juridiques pour l’application des principes constitutionnels dans l’activité des assurances il y a encore des questions qui réclament des réponses. Ainsi, selon une conception, soutenue dans la partique, tout d’abord se constitue la communauté d’assurances et dans son cadre se forment les communautés de risuqes distinctes. Selon une autre conception ce sont les communautés de risoues ani se forment d’abord et celles-ci forment par un accord la communauté d’assurances. Il est paradoxal de même que la communauté d’assurances, d’après la Constitution, a le caractère de personne morale, tandis que les communautés de risques distinctes, auxquelles appartiennent les ressources d’assurance, n’ont pas cette qualité. D’autre part, les communautés dites »les communautés des assurés«, qui se forment sur le principe territorial dans certaines communautés d’assurances ne sont pas prévues par la Constitution et elles ne sont pas réglementées par la loi. Il découle de la Constitution que dans les communautés d’assurances ih y a deux niveaux de gestion, dans les communautés de risque et dans la communnauté d’assurances, auquel cas les communautés de risque forment d’après le principe de délégation l’assem-